💡 Bits vs Bytes
Network speeds are measured in bits (lowercase b) — e.g. Mbps. Storage sizes use bytes (uppercase B) — e.g. MB. There are 8 bits in a byte, so 100 Mbps = 12.5 MB/s actual throughput.
Convert Speeds & Estimate Transfer Times
Type in any field to convert all units instantly.
Type in any field to convert all units instantly.
Network speeds are measured in bits (lowercase b) — e.g. Mbps. Storage sizes use bytes (uppercase B) — e.g. MB. There are 8 bits in a byte, so 100 Mbps = 12.5 MB/s actual throughput.
ADSL: 8–24 Mbps. FTTC: 40–80 Mbps. FTTP/Fiber: 100 Mbps–10 Gbps. 4G LTE: ~20–100 Mbps. 5G: up to 1 Gbps. 1GbE LAN: 1 Gbps. 10GbE: 10 Gbps.
Manufacturers use decimal (1 KB = 1,000 bytes). Operating systems historically used binary (1 KiB = 1,024 bytes). A "500 GB" drive shows as ~465 GiB in Windows.
Actual transfer speeds are typically 60–90% of the advertised link rate due to protocol overhead, network congestion, and hardware limitations. Always test with real-world tools like iPerf.